Introducing the five dimensions of the power of the Islamic Republic using the theoretical approach of "Barnett and Duvall" to the concept of power

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 International Relations Department, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

2 MA. In International Relations, Imam Khomeini international university, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

The concept of "power" is one of the most widely used and controversial concepts in the field of "political science" as well as "international relations", which has been defined differently and different theories with different ontological, epistemological and methodological approaches, each from its own point of view studied the concept of "power". The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the dimensions of the power of the Islamic Republic as an actor in the field of international relations. Although empirical results can be obtained in this regard, but the analysis of the power of the Islamic Republic in the field of international relations based on theoretical approaches is one of the research requirements of researchers interested in studying the Islamic Revolution in general and the Islamic Republic. In a special way.
Methodology:
In this study, the combined approach of "Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall" has been selected as a theoretical framework. Data related to the power of the Islamic Republic has also been collected from library and Internet. In terms of analysis, this research is in the category of descriptive-analytical research.
Results:
The findings of the present study show that the Islamic Republic, in addition to the four types of power "compulsory", "institutional", "structural" and "productive", has a fifth dimension of power called "spiritual power" that can be applied to It does not have any theoretical approaches to "power", but as an external source of power that influences actors and helps them to play a positive role in society (in accordance with religious teachings).
Conclusion:
The Islamic Republic, as an actor manifesting itself in the five dimensions of "compulsory", "institutional", "structural", "productive" and "spiritual" power, plays a role in the field of international relations.

Keywords

References

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http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Reports%20and%20Pubs/2009 _NIS.pdf

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https://www.iiss.org/en/publications/military%20balance/issues/the-military-balance-2016-d6c9

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  • Zogby, J; Bohnert, C; Calogero, J; Mazloom, J; Scott, K (2012), “Looking at Iran: How 20 Arab and Muslim Nations View Iran and Its Policies”. Retrieved from Wilson Center Website: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/iranpollresultsreport .pdf
    • Adami, Ali; Rezaei, Nima (2016), “The nature and dimensions of the implicit informal regime of region security of the "Islamic Republic" In the West Asian region”. Quarterly Journal of Political Research in the Islamic World, Year 6, Issue 4, 61-89. (In Persian)
    • Ajili, Hadi; Rezaei, Nima (2017), “Defensive and offensive realism: A theoretical framework for analyzing the events in the Persian Gulf”. National Security Quarterly, Year 8, No 27, 165-198. (In Persian)
    • Baldwin, D. A. (2013), “Power and International Relations”. In Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons. Handbook of International Relations. London, California, New Delhi and Singapore: SAGE Publications Ltd.
    • Barnett, M.; Duvall, R. (2005), “Power in International Politics”. International Organization, Vol 59, No 1, 39-75.
    • Blair, C. P; Jansson, M. (2012), “Sanctions, Military Strikes, and Other Potential Actions Against Iran”. Retrieved from Federation Of American Science(FAS) Website: https://fas.org/ docs/2012_Iran_and_Global_Economy.pdf
    • Dehghani Firouzabadi, Seyyed Jalal (2011), “Power technologies in soft warfare”. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, Year 14, Issue 1, No 51, 5-30. (In Persian)
    • Eisenstadt, M. (2016), “The Role of Missiles in Iran’s Military Strategy”. Retrieved from The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Website: http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-role-of-missiles-in-irans-military-strategy
    • Eisenstadt, M. (2015), “The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Religion, Expediency, and Soft Power in an Era of Disruptive Change”. Retrieved from The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Website: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ pdf
    • Flemes, D.; Nolte, D. (2010), “Introduction”. In Daniel Flemes. Regional Leadership in the Global System: Ideas, Interests and Strategies of Regional Powers, Aldershot: Ashgate.
    • Gilpin, R. (1982), War and Change in World Politics, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Hasenclever, A; Mayer, P; Rittberger, V. (2004), Theories of international regimes, Sixth printing, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Hurrell, A. (2010), “Regional Powers and the Global System from a Historical Perspective”. In Daniel Flemes, Regional Leadership in the Global System: Ideas, Interests and Strategies of Regional Powers, Aldershot: Ashgate.
    • Leverett, F. L., & Leverett, H. M. (2010), “The United States, Iran and the Middle East's New Cold War''. The International Spectator, Vol 45, No 1, 75–87.
    • Lipschutz, R. D. (2005), “Global civil society and global governmentality: or, the search for politics and the state amidst the capillaries of social power”. In Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall. Power in Global Governance, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Lukes, S. (2007), “Power and the battle for hearts and minds: On the bluntness of soft power”. In Felix Berenskoetter and M. J. Williams. Power in World Politics, London and New York: Routledge.
    • Morgenthau, H. J. (2005), Politics Between Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. Translated by Homeira Moshirzadeh, Third Edition, Tehran: Office of Political and International Studies. (In Persian)
    • Moshirzadeh, Homeira; Masoudi, Heidar Ali (2009), “Identity and Conceptual Domains of International Relations”. Quarterly Journal of Politics, Vol 39, No  4, 251-269. (In Persian)
    • Moshirzadeh, Homeira (2009), Evolution in Theories of International Relations. Fourth Edition, Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books, Humanities Research and Development Center. (In Persian)
    • Nazari, Ali Ashraf (2007), “Modern View of the Concept of Political Power”. Journal of Law and Political Science, Year 2, No 4, 123-141. (In Persian)
    • Nye, J. S. (2008), The Powers to Lead, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Office of Director of National Intelligence (2009). “National Intelligence Strategy of the United States 2009”. Retrieved from Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) website:

    http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Reports%20and%20Pubs/2009 _NIS.pdf

    • Rahbari, Mahdi (2006), “The Discourse Evolution of Power (Essays on the Conceptual Evolution of Power in the Classical, Middle, Modern, and Postmodern Era)”. Journal of Law and Political Sciences, Year 1, No 1, 117-152. (In Persian)
    • Rezaei, Nima; Taghavinejad, Seyyed Mojtaba (2011), US and Iran in Strategic Confrontation; Iran's Countermeasures in a Possible War, Tehran: Hourmazd Publishing. (In Persian)
    • Stairs, D. (1998), “Of Medium Powers and Middling Roles”. In Ken Booth. Statecraft and Security: The Cold War and Beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Tajik, Mohammad Reza (1998), “Power and security in the postmodern era”. Discourse, No 0, 101-135. (In Persian)
    • The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies (2020), “Arab Opinion Toward Iran 2019/2020”. Retrieved from Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies Website: https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/Lists/ACRPS-PDFDocumentLibrary/Arab-Opinion-Toward-Iran-2019-2020.pdf
    • The International Institution for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2020), “The Military Balance 2016: Modernizing military capabilities; familiar security challenges”. Retrieved from The International Institution for Strategic Studies(IISS) Website:

    https://www.iiss.org/en/publications/military%20balance/issues/the-military-balance-2016-d6c9

    • The Institute for National Security Studies (2013), “Military Balance Files: Iran”. Retrieved from The Institute for National Security Studies(INSS) Website: http://www.inss.org.il/uploadimages/ System Files/iran.pdf
    • Wendt, A. (1995), “Constructing International Politics”. International Security, Vol 20, No 1, 71-81.
    • Zogby, J; Bohnert, C; Calogero, J; Mazloom, J; Scott, K (2012), “Looking at Iran: How 20 Arab and Muslim Nations View Iran and Its Policies”. Retrieved from Wilson Center Website: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/iranpollresultsreport .pdf

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