Iran-Russia relations have fluctuated a lot in the last two decades, so that after a period of lack of dynamism and stagnation between 2005 and 2013, the relations between the two countries, in 2013 to 2018, have shown great convergence in some aspects of international politics. In this regard, the present study, using descriptive and analytical methods, seeks to answer the question of how the relations between Russia and Iran in the 80s and 90s can be explained? To answer this question, the James Rosena continuity model has been used. In other words, the purpose of this study is to explain the causes of fluctuations in Iran-Russia relations based on the variables of the level of micro and macro analysis of the James Rosena continuity model. Findings show that Iran-Russia relations have experienced different conditions in these two periods, while in the first period their relations were relatively stagnant and static, in the second period these relations have become more dynamic and active, and macro-level variables such as common interests in Syria and Iraq, confronting US hegemony in the Middle East, sanctions, and gaining a balance of power with the United States have been major drivers of change in bilateral relations. The results of this study also show that the more active the variable of the international system, the more inclined Russia and the Islamic Republic of Iran are to cooperate with each other.
Abedi Ardakani, Mohammad; Askari, Amir Hossein (2019). “Analysis of the reasons for Iran's aggressive diplomacy against the West and the United States (2005-2013) ”. Politics Quarterly, 49 (2). doi: 10.22059 / JPQ.2019.207293.1006803. (In Persian)
Askari, Amir Hossein. (2016). An Analysis of the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2005-2013). Tehran: Speakers. (In Persian)
Brady, April (2016). Russia Completes S-300 Delivery to Iran. Arms Contorol Associaion.
Dehghani Firoozabad, SeYedjalal. (2011). Foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Samat. (In Persian)
Duclos, Michel (2019). “Russia and Iran in Syria—A Random Partnership or an Enduring Alliance?” Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/russia-and-iran-in-syria-a-random-partnership-or-an-enduring-alliance/.
Hermann, Margaret G; Thomas Preston, Baghat Korany; and Timothy M. Shaw (2003). “Who Leads Matters: The Effects of Powerful Individuals.” International Studies Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00235.
Jones, Seth G. (2019). “Dangerous Liaisons: Russian Cooperation with Iran in Syria.” Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Katz, Mark N. (2010). “Russian-Iranian Relations in the Obama Era.” Middle East Policy 17 (2): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2010.00439.x.
Katz, Mark. (2008). “Russian-Iranian Relations in the Ahmadinejad Era.” The Middle East Journal 62 (2): 202–16. https://doi.org/10.3751/62.2.11.
Koolaei, Elahe (2006). “Iran-Russia relations, continuity or change”. Iras, 1 (1), 16-1. (In Persian)
Kozhanov, Nikolay (2015). “Understanding the Revitalization of Russian-Iranian Relations,” 30.
Kryshtanovskaya, Olga. (2005). Anatomy of the Russian Elite. Moscow: Zakharov.
MacFarquhar, Neil (2015). “Putin Lifts Ban on Russian Missile Sales to Iran.” New Yourk Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/world/europe/putin-lifts-ban-on-russian-missile-sales-to-iran.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news.
Malek, Martin (2008). “R Ussia , I Ran , And The C Onflict In C Hechnya.” Caucasian Review Of International Affairs 2 (1): 25–34.
Mamdova, Nina. (2008). Economic relations between Iran and Russia. in Sanai, Mehdi; Karami, Gahangir, Iran-Russia relations (pp. 112-101). Tehran: Iras. (In Persian)
Marten, Kimberly (2015). “Informal Political Networks and Putin’s Foreign Policy: The Examples of Iran and Syria.” Problems of Post-Communism 62 (2): 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2015.1010896.
Mojtahedzadeh, Pirooz; Rashidi Nejad, Ahmad. (2011). Geopolitical analysis of Russia's foreign policy in relation to Iran's nuclear program (2000-2008). Geopolitics, 22. (In Persian)
Mushirzadeh, Homeira. (2012). Developments in various theories of international relations. Tehran: Samat. (In Persian)
Nebehay, Stephanie; Dehghanpisheh, Babak (2019). “Iran, Russia Take Aim at U.S. Military Presence near Syrian Oilfields.” Reuters. at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-ministers/iran-russia-take-aim-at-u-s-military-presence-near-syrian-oilfields- idUSKBN1X82OQ.
Norouzi, Noormohammad; Rumi, Farshad. (2014). “Russian perspective on Iran-Russia relations. Iranian Journal of International Politics”, Third Year (No. 1), 117-93. (In Persian)
“Putin Lifts Ban On Supplies Of S-300 Missiles To Iran.” (2015). Radio FreeEurope Radio Liberty.
Rosenau, James N. (1980). The Scientific Study of Foreign Policy. Nichols Publishing Company.
Safari, Mehdi (2005). Political structure and developments in the Russian Federation and relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Office of Political and International Studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (In Persian)
Sanai, Mehdi. (2008). Iran-Russia relations; Problems and prospects ahead. Sanai, Mehdi; Karami Gahangir in Iran-Russia Relations (pp. 25-1). Tehran: Iras. (In Persian)
Sanai, Mehdi. (2019). The volume of economic exchanges between Iran and Russia will reach $ 5 billion. Retrieved from Borna News Agency, at: https://incofund.com/2019/09/30/sandford-stadium-improvements/ (In Persian)
Starr, Harvey (1988). “Rosenau, Pre-Theories and the Evolution of the Comparative Study of Foreign Policy.” International Interactions 14 (1): 3–15. at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050628808434686.
Suchkov, Maxim A (2019). “Intel: How Russia Is Deepening Military Ties with Iran to Counter the US.” Al-Manitor.
Trotman, Andrew (2014). “Vladimir Putin Signs Historic $20bn Oil Deal with Iran to Bypass Western Sanctions.” The Daily Telegraph.
Zadokhin, A. G. (2005). Russia's foreign policy, self-awareness and national interests. Translator; Sanaei, Mehdi. Tehran: Abrar Moaser Tehran. (In Persian)
Askari, A. H., Salehi, S. J., & Almasi, M. (2021). A Study of Iran-Russia Foreign Relations after the Islamic Revolution (Comparison of the 2000s and 2010s) Based on the James Rozena Continuity Theory. , 11(39), 123-137. doi: 10.22084/rjir.2021.24674.3360
MLA
Amir Hossein Askari; Seyed Javad Salehi; Mostafa Almasi. "A Study of Iran-Russia Foreign Relations after the Islamic Revolution (Comparison of the 2000s and 2010s) Based on the James Rozena Continuity Theory". , 11, 39, 2021, 123-137. doi: 10.22084/rjir.2021.24674.3360
HARVARD
Askari, A. H., Salehi, S. J., Almasi, M. (2021). 'A Study of Iran-Russia Foreign Relations after the Islamic Revolution (Comparison of the 2000s and 2010s) Based on the James Rozena Continuity Theory', , 11(39), pp. 123-137. doi: 10.22084/rjir.2021.24674.3360
VANCOUVER
Askari, A. H., Salehi, S. J., Almasi, M. A Study of Iran-Russia Foreign Relations after the Islamic Revolution (Comparison of the 2000s and 2010s) Based on the James Rozena Continuity Theory. , 2021; 11(39): 123-137. doi: 10.22084/rjir.2021.24674.3360