اقتصاد و سیاست در دهه اول انقلاب و تاثیر آن در شکل گیری سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای روابط بین‌الملل دانشـکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه گیلان

2 دانشـیار علوم سیاسـی و روابط بین‌الملل دانشـکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار روابط بین‌الملل دانشـکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

هدف: انقلاب اسلامی ایران از ابتدای دهه­ ی 1360، الگوی کنش سیاست خارجی کشور را  دست خوش تحولاتی بنیادین کرد. درک دلایل این تغییر و تحول در سیاست خارجی، به دلیل اینکه دوره­ی شکل­ گیری سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی است، مسئله­ ای محوری است. از این رو، این مقاله درصدد درک و تبیین عوامل شکل­ دهنده به جهت‌گیری سیاست خارجی در این دوره است.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: این پژوهش بر بهره­ گیری از روش ­شناسی رهیافت اقتصاد سیاسی به‌عنوان یک روش تحلیلی التقاطی باترکیبی از روش ­های تحلیلی و تئوری­ های رشته­ های مختلف علوم اجتماعی متکی است. لذا اساساً محور این تحلیل تعامل میان دولت و بازار به‌عنوان تجسم سیاست و اقتصاد در دنیای جدید می ­باشد. بنابراین، از شناخت­ شناسی، هستی ­شناسی و روش ­شناسی متکثر برخوردار است.
یافته‌ها: بر این اساس شکل ­گیری سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی بازتاب تغییر ماهیت دولت به معنی ساخت و ایدئولوژی قدرت، ساختار اقتصادی و سیاست­ های ناشی از آن و ماهیت نیروهای اجتماعی و نوع رابطه آنها با قدرت مستقر در یک فضای متعامل است.
نتیجه‌گیری: بدین ترتیب، در پرتو هژمونی نیروهای سیاسی اسلام‌گرا و به حاشیه رفتن سایر نیروهای سیاسی ساختار قدرت متمرکز شکل گرفت. در این شرایط با غلبه گرایش­ های مردم گرایانه اقتصادی و تأکید بر استقلال سیاسی و اقتصادی تأکید بر الگوی درون­زای توسعه مورد توجه قرار گرفت و اتکای به اقتصاد نفتی به‌عنوان عامل تأمین‌کننده منابع اقتصادی دولت پایدار ماند. اتکای این دولت با الگوی مشارکت بسیج گرایانه و در پیوند و پشتیبانی نیروهای اجتماعی مذهبی و مستضعف رقم می ­خورد که با منافع و ارزش ­های این طبقات همسویی و همراهی داشت. لذا در اثر این تعامل سیاست خارجی جهت ­گیری تجدیدنظر طلبانه و در مخالفت با ارزش­ ها و ساختار نظام بین­ الملل شکل گرفت.

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