از «ولی منتخب مردم» تا «مردم‌سالاری دینی» (بررسی جایگاه مردم در «نظام ولایت» از منظر امام خمینی و آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: این مقاله به دنبال مطالعه جایگاه مردم در نظام ولایت در اندیشه امام خمینی(ره) و آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای است. به‌عنوان فرضیه چنین به نظر می‎رسد که از دیدگاه امام خمینی(ره) و آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای، مردم جایگاه تعیین‌کننده‌ای در نظام ولایت دارند.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: این مقاله با استفاده از روش توصیفی - تحلیلی، نظریه امام خمینی(ره) و آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای را درباره نقش مردم در نظام ولایت از طریق تحلیل متون کتاب‌ها و سخنرانی‌های ایشان مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد.
یافته‌ها: نظریه ولایت فقیه گرچه قبل از امام خمینی(ره) توسط علمای دیگر نیز مطرح شده بود، ولی با عملی شدن آن در نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران و قرار گرفتن یک مجتهد عادل در رأس آن، نظام سیاسی ویژه‎ای در ایران تأسیس شد که سابقه‎ای در عصر غیبت نداشته است. یکی از ویژگی‎های مهم این نظام سیاسی، شیوه نقش آفرینی مردم در انتخاب ولی‌امر است که امام خمینی(ره) با عنوان «ولی منتخب مردم» و آیت‎الله خامنه‎ای با عنوان «مردم‎سالاری دینی» از آن یاد می‎کنند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نظریه «مردم سالاری دینی» در واقع همان شکل روزآمد شده و استمرار نظریه «ولی منتخب مردم» است. بر اساس این نظریه، پایه و اساسِ حق مردم در این انتخاب، خود اسلام است و مردم‌سالاری دینی فقط یک قرارداد عرفی نیست، بلکه یک وظیفه ‏ی دینی است که در آن مردم مسلمان، هم اصل نظام و هم حاکم اسلامی را انتخاب کرده و سرنوشت اداره کشور را به وسیله منتخبان خود در اختیار می‌گیرند.

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