تبارشناسی تهدیدات داعش در جهان اسلام؛ از رهگذر نقد مکاتب غیر بومی و کاربست نظریه‌ نظام سلطه آیت‌الله سیدعلی خامنه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای روابط بین‌الملل دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار روابط بین‌الملل دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

چکیده

هدف: روایت‌های مکاتب امنیتی غیربومی از تبار تهدیدات داعش در جهان اسلام، ناکارامد و در جهت منافع راهبردی حاکم بر مطالعات امنیتی غربی است. در حالی‌که شناخت دقیق الگوی رفتاری داعش بر اساس یک نظریه بومی، زنجیره منافع جریان قدرت در نظام بین‌الملل با مکاتب علمی محافظه کار را قطع می‌کند. لذا هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، تبارشناسی تهدیدات داعش به‌واسطه نقد مکاتب غیربومی امنیتی و کاربست نظریه سلطه آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای در جهان اسلام است.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: روش اصلی تحقیق حاضر؛ قیاسی و رویکرد آن انتقادی و تحلیلی است.
یافتهها: دستاوردهای این پژوهش در پاسخ به این سؤال مدون شده‌اند: نظریه نظام سلطه چگونه تهدیدات داعش را تبارشناسی می‌کند؟ نویسنده معتقد است مکاتب امنیتی غربی به دلایل پیوند با اومانیسم، قدرت و ژئوپلیتیک خاصّ اندیشه‌ورزی خود از این امر عاجز هستند. در مقابل، نظریه نظام سلطه با جهان‌بینی توحیدی، به دور از هرگونه ملاحظه خاصّ قدرت، علل، روش و اهداف داعش در جهان اسلام را به نظم می‌کشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: از این حیث، علت تهدیدهای داعش، اشتراک منافع (به حاشیه راندن الگوی مقاومت) با سردمداران نظام سلطه است. روش تهدیدات داعش منبعث از روش نظام سلطه برای سرکوب مخالفان، «ترور» است و هدف تهدیدهای داعش الگو گرفته از راهبرد نظام سلطه، مهار مقاومت اسلامی، کمک به بقای رژیم صهیونیستی و اسلام هراسی است. در نظریه نظام سلطه برخلاف مکاتب امنیتی بررسی شده، اصلی‌ترین راهبرد مقابله با اهداف نظام سلطه، مبارزه با تروریسم و سردمداران ترور به منظور قطع زنجیره رابطه سلطه‌جو و سلطه‌پذیر است.

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