تأثیر ساخت نهادیِ دولت در دوره پهلوی دوم بر شکل‌گیری انقلاب اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه تهران.

2 دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی و جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی دانشگاه تهران .

چکیده

هدف: در درون ساخت جامعه، نیروهای اجتماعی و سیاسی از یک‌طرف در رقابت با سایر گروه‌های موازی که ممکن است منافع متعارض داشته باشند، قرار دارند و از طرف دیگر برای کسب منابع قدرت و ثروت بیشتر، با دولت در منازعه هستند. این‌که نیروهای اجتماعی برای تحقق خواسته‌‌هایشان در جریان منازعه از چه ابزارها و روش‌هایی استفاده کنند، تا اندازه‌ی زیادی به ساخت نهادی (دموکراتیک و غیر دموکراتیک) در درون دولت بستگی دارد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر تأثیر ساخت نهادی دولت پهلوی دوم را بر جنبشی شدن سیاست و به‌تبع آن شکل­گیری انقلاب اسلامی ایران نشان می­دهد و به توضیح این امر می­پردازد که چگونه ساخت نهادی بسته و محدود دولت، نیروهای اجتماعی - سیاسی را به این نتیجه می­رساند که مبارزات خود را برای کسب منافع، خارج از چهارچوب نهادی محدود و به‌صورت غیرمسالمت­آمیزی پیگیری نمایند.
روش­ شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از حیث نوع، بنیادی و از لحاظ روش، توصیفی - تحلیلی است و اطلاعات و داده­ها به‌صورت اسنادی - کتابخانه­ای جمع­آوری شده است و سپس با استفاده از چهارچوب مفهومی و نظری «نهادمندی سیاسی ساموئل هانتینگتون» به تحلیل داده­ها پرداخته شده است.
یافته­ ها: ساخت و ماهیت دولت پهلوی دوم؛ یعنی ویژگی‌های اقتدارگرایی بوروکراتیک، وجه نئوپاتریمونیال و رانتیر آن، مانع از ایجاد و رشد ساخت مناسب نهادی کارآمد و دموکراتیک برای صورت‌بندی، مدیریت و کنترل منازعات اجتماعی و برآوردن خواسته‌ها و انتظارات نیروها و گروهای اجتماعی شد.
نتیجه ­گیری: بسته بودن و محدودسازی ساخت نهادی در دولت پهلوی دوم، مهم‌ترین عامل در تقویت خشونت سیاسی و جنبش‌های سیاسی علیه رژیم مستقر و بسترسازی و زمینه‌سازی برای شکل‌گیری انقلاب اسلامی بوده است.

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