ساختار اجتماعی، بینش سیاسی و الگوی کنش‌گری روحانیت در ایران معاصر (1320-1357)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان

2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج

3 دانش‌آموخته دکترای علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

هدف: بینش سیاسی و زمینه اجتماعی از یکدیگر متأثر و در پیوند متقابل باهم شکل می­گیرند، از این‌رو معرفت سیاسی، گاهی به‌عنوان ساختار و گاهی به‌عنوان کارگزار در برابر زمینه اجتماعی ظاهر می‌شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش پیش‌رو، بررسی نوع رابطه میان ساختار اجتماعی جامعه ایران و بینش سیاسی روحانیت شیعه و تأثیر آن بر الگوی کنش‌گری آنها، در عصر پهلوی­‌ها تا وقوع انقلاب اسلامی است.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: روش پژوهش کیفی از نوع تبیین علی و روش گردآوری داده‌­ها، کتابخانه­ای و همچنین بهره‌­گیری از منابع علمی پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مجازی است. برای تبیین موضوع نیز از نظریه ساختار- کارگزار آنتونی گیدنز و همچنین نظریه جامعه شناختی پیر بوردیو بهره گرفته شده است.
یافته‌­ها: پژوهش نشان می­دهد که بین معرفت سیاسی روحانیون شیعه و عوامل اجتماعی در این دوره، رابطه منعطفی برقرار بوده و با توجه به مجموعه کنش‌­های روحانیت شیعه و نیز تغییر عوامل اجتماعی و سیاسی، بینش سیاسی فقهای شیعه از انزوای ‌سیاسی و سیاست‌پرهیزی تا مشارکت و رهبری سیاسی در نوسان بوده است.
نتیجه­‌گیری: متأثر از شرایط اجتماعی و باورهای کنشگرانی چون آیت­الله بروجردی، بینش روحانیت شیعه، به‌عنوان کارگزار در برابر محیط اجتماعی به‌عنوان ساختار، نگرش سیاست‌پرهیز به خود گرفته است و با ظهور امام‌خمینی(ره)، (کارگزار) بینش سیاسی روحانیت منزلتی شالوده‌شکن یافته و شکل­دهنده محیط و عوامل اجتماعی به‌عنوان ساختار بوده و در نتیجه بینش سیاسی روحانیت شیعه منبعث از این شرایط، خصلت مشارکت محور به خود گرفته است.

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