ساختار اجتماعی، بینش سیاسی و الگوی کنش‌گری روحانیت در ایران معاصر (1320-1357)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان

2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج

3 دانش‌آموخته دکترای علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج

10.22084/rjir.2023.27002.3558

چکیده

هدف: بینش سیاسی و زمینه اجتماعی از یکدیگر متأثر و در پیوند متقابل باهم شکل می­گیرند، از این‌رو معرفت سیاسی، گاهی به‌عنوان ساختار و گاهی به‌عنوان کارگزار در برابر زمینه اجتماعی ظاهر می‌شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش پیش‌رو، بررسی نوع رابطه میان ساختار اجتماعی جامعه ایران و بینش سیاسی روحانیت شیعه و تأثیر آن بر الگوی کنش‌گری آنها، در عصر پهلوی­‌ها تا وقوع انقلاب اسلامی است.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: روش پژوهش کیفی از نوع تبیین علی و روش گردآوری داده‌­ها، کتابخانه­ای و همچنین بهره‌­گیری از منابع علمی پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مجازی است. برای تبیین موضوع نیز از نظریه ساختار- کارگزار آنتونی گیدنز و همچنین نظریه جامعه شناختی پیر بوردیو بهره گرفته شده است.
یافته‌­ها: پژوهش نشان می­دهد که بین معرفت سیاسی روحانیون شیعه و عوامل اجتماعی در این دوره، رابطه منعطفی برقرار بوده و با توجه به مجموعه کنش‌­های روحانیت شیعه و نیز تغییر عوامل اجتماعی و سیاسی، بینش سیاسی فقهای شیعه از انزوای ‌سیاسی و سیاست‌پرهیزی تا مشارکت و رهبری سیاسی در نوسان بوده است.
نتیجه­‌گیری: متأثر از شرایط اجتماعی و باورهای کنشگرانی چون آیت­الله بروجردی، بینش روحانیت شیعه، به‌عنوان کارگزار در برابر محیط اجتماعی به‌عنوان ساختار، نگرش سیاست‌پرهیز به خود گرفته است و با ظهور امام‌خمینی(ره)، (کارگزار) بینش سیاسی روحانیت منزلتی شالوده‌شکن یافته و شکل­دهنده محیط و عوامل اجتماعی به‌عنوان ساختار بوده و در نتیجه بینش سیاسی روحانیت شیعه منبعث از این شرایط، خصلت مشارکت محور به خود گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Abrahamian, Ervand (1998). Iran between two revolutions, translated by Ahmad Gulmohammadi and Mohammad Ebrahim Fatahi, Tehran: Ney. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza (2002). Memoirs of Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Garami, Tehran: Islamic Revolution Documentation Center. (In Persian)
Akhavi, shahrough (1980). Religion and politics in contemporary Iran, (Albany: State University of New York Press.
Ashna, Hessamuddin (2004). From politics to culture, cultural policies of the government in Iran (2005), Tehran: Soroush. (In Persian)
Ashraf, Ahmed and Ali Banouzazizi (1991). “Social classes in the Pahlavi period”, translated by Imad Afrogh, Strategy Quarterly, winter, No. 2: 102-126. (In Persian)
Avari, Peter (2003). Contemporary History of Iran, translated by Rafii Mehrabadi, Volume 2, Tehran: Ataei. (In Persian)
Bourdieu, P (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, London: Routeldge.
Davani, Ali (1998). Iran's Militant Clergy Movement, Tehran: Publications of Islamic Revolution Records Center, Volume II. (In Persian)
Esmaili, Hamidreza (2007). Religion and Politics; Contemporary Political Thought, Tehran: Research Center for Cultural and Social Studies. (In Persian)
Foucault, Michel (1998). What dreams do Iranians have in their heads? Translated by Hossein Masoumi Hamdani, Tehran: Hermes Publications, third edition. (In Persian)
Giddens, Anthony (1982). Beyond Left and Right, translated by Mohsen Talasi, Tehran: Elmi. (In Persian)
Giddens, Anthony (1986). The Third Way, Reconstruction of Social Democracy, translated by: Sabouri, Manouchehr, Tehran: Shirazeh Publishing. (In Persian)
Hosseinizadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Ali (2004). “Discourse Theory and Political Analysis”, Political Science Quarterly- Bagheral Uloom University (AS), No. 42, winter: 414-121. (In Persian)
Hosseinizadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Ali (2016). Political Islam in Iran, Qom: Mofid University Publications. (In Persian)
Jafar Pishefard, Mustafa (2001). Background of the theory of Velayat al-Faqih, Qom: Secretariat of the Assembly of Leadership Experts. (In Persian)
Jafari, Morteza (1992). Kashf Hijab Incident, Tehran: Organization of Cultural Documents of the Islamic Revolution and Institute of Research and Cultural Studies. (In Persian)
Jafarian, Rasoul (2004). Religious and political currents and organizations of Iran in 1540-1531, Tehran: Islamic Revolution Documentation Center and Islamic Culture and Thought Research Institute. (In Persian)
Jahan Bozorgi, Ahmad (2002). A study on the evolution of the theory of the state in Islam, Tehran: Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. (In Persian)
Kadivar, Jamila (2000). the Evolution of Shia Political Discourse in Iran, Tehran: Tarhe no Publications. (In Persian)
Katouzian, Mohammad Ali (Homayoun) (2001). Conflict between the state and the nation: the theory of history and politics in Iran, Alireza Tayeb, And Tehran: Ney Publishing. (In Persian)
Khalilikho, Mohammad Reza (1994). Iran's Development and Modernization during Reza Shah's Period, Tehran: The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. (In Persian)
Khomeini, Ruhollah (1962). Velayat Faqih, Tehran: Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
Khomeini, Ruhollah (1967). Kashf al-Asrar, Tehran: Beta Publications. (In Persian)
Khomeini, Ruhollah (1988). Sahifah Noor, first volume, Tehran: Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute. (In Persian)
Kivisto, Peter (2009). Fundamental ideas in sociology, translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Tehran: Ney Publishing.
Lacroix, Thomas (2012). Designing a structure/agency approach to transnationalism, presented at the second workshop in the IMI series of Social Theory and Migration workshops on 12-13 April 2012 at the University of Pisa.
Makki, Hossein (1979). Iran's twenty-year history, Tehran: Amirkabir Publications. (In Persian)
Milani, Mohsen (2002). The Formation of the Islamic Revolution, translated by Mojtaba Attarzadeh, Tehran: Gameno Publications. (In Persian)
Mirmousavi, Ali (2005). Islam, Tradition and Modern State: Modernization of the State and Transformation in Contemporary Shia Political Thought, Tehran: Ney. (In Persian)
Moshirzadeh, Hamira (2006). Evolution in theories of international relations, post-modernism, Tehran: Samt Publications. (In Persian)
Nikobaresh, Farzaneh (2002). A study of the political performance of Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi, Tehran: International Publishing Company. (In Persian)
Pahlavi, Mohammadreza (2006). Answer to History, translated by Hossein Abu Tarabian, Zaryab Publications. (In Persian)
Rocheh, Gay (2007). Social Changes, translated by Vosouqi, Mansour, Tehran: Ney Publishing. (In Persian)
Safaei, Ebrahim (1965). Constitutional leaders: including 42biographies and interesting and surprising descriptions of all the incidents and events of Iran's constitutional movement, Tehran: Javidan Elmi. (In Persian)
Smith, Philip Daniel (2004). An Introduction to Cultural Theory, translated by Pooyan, Hassan, Tehran: Cultural Research Office. (In Persian)
Taghilou, Faramarz (2011). “Critical Naturalism and Social-Political Metatheory”, Politics Quarterly, Volume 21, Number 2, Series 2, Winter: 32-57
Takhshid, Mohammad Reza (1998). Reza Shah's reforms and modernization policies and their effect on the power and influence of clerics in Iran, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Volume 20, Number 1030, summer: 75-111. (In Persian)
Vaezzadeh Khorasani, Ayatollah Muhammad (2000). The life of Grand Ayatollah Boroujerdi and his school of jurisprudence, principles, hadiths and men, Tehran: World Forum for the Approximation of Islamic Religions. (In Persian)
Wendt, Alexander (2006). The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory, Andrew Linkter (edited), Basic Concepts in International Relations: The Challenge of Science and Tradition, translated by Bahram Meschimi, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.