شتاب اجتماعی و انقلاب اسلامی: تبیین انقلاب اسلامی از یک چشم انداز زمان‌محور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکترای دانشکده مطالعات جهان، بخش مطالعات کشورهای آلمانی زبان، دانشگاه تهران.

چکیده

هدف: این مقاله در پی آن است که انقلاب اسلامی را در پرتو ساختارهای زمانی جامعه بررسی کند و با بکارگیری نظریه شتاب اجتماعی به این پرسش‌های اصلی پاسخ می‌دهد که چگونه در سال‌های متنهی ‌به انقلاب فرایندهای مدرنیزاسیون به شتاب اجتماعی پیوند می‌خوردند؟ و چرا سازوکارهای شتاب اجتماعی به بی‌ثباتی اجتماعی انجامیدند؟ فرض این مقاله این است که «پیامدهای ناشی از نرخ‌های ناهمگون شتاب اجتماعی زمینه‌های اساسی را برای انقلاب اسلامی 1357 فراهم کردند».
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: برای تحلیل داده‌های نظری و تجربی این مقاله از روش اسنادی بهره گرفته شده و کوشیده تا نظریه شتاب اجتماعی را با تبیین انقلاب اسلامی تطبیق دهد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که نرخ‌های گوناگون شتاب به‌مجموعه‌ای از ناهمسازی‌ها و کژکارکردی‌ها انجامیدند و فرایندهای شتابکاهی را در حوزه‌های اقتصاد، اجتماع و فرهنگ به راه انداختند، امری که به نوبه خود زمینه‌ساز انقلاب شد. شتاب فن‌آورانه به‌واسطه پیوند‌خوردن با درآمدهای نفتی موجب پدیده‌های شتابکاهی و کژکارکردی ناشی از شتاب شد. خرده نظام سیاست فرایندهای تفکیک خرده نظام‌های اجتماعی به‌مثابه پاسخی به فشارهای فزاینده شتاب اجتماعی را مسدود کرد. سرانجام نظام ارزشی مسلط در پرتوی این مناسبات اقتصـادی و اجتماعی توان متقاعدکنندگی خود را از دست داد و نتوانست الگوهای کنش فردی و جمعی متناظر را شکل دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در دوران منتهی به انقلاب، پدیده «شتاب‌کاهی ناشی از شتاب» زمینه را برای بی‌ثباتی اجتماعی فراهم آورد. همزمان دین به‌مثابه مجموعه منسجم و ریشه‌دار از ارزش‌ها و جهت‌گیری‌ها که در زندگی روزمره مردم جریان دارد یک جایگزین نویدبخش پیشنهـاد داد و هنگامـی که با رهبـری قاطعانـه و کاریـزمایی امام خمینی(ره) همراه شد به نیروی پرتوان شتاب دگرگونی اجتماعی تبدیل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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