ناکامی تحقق حقوق‌ شهروندی در پهلوی دوم و تأثیر آن در شکل‌گیری انقلاب اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند

10.22084/rjir.2023.26997.3559

چکیده

هدف: مفهوم شهروندی اولین ­بار با ورود گفتمان مشروطه در ساحت ­سیاسی از سوی منورالفکران قاجار وارد ادبیات سیاسی ایران گردید. اما به­‌دلیل نبود زیرساخت­های لازم و مؤلفه‌­های ملت­‌سازی این امر با شکست مشروطه از میان رفت. از آنجایی‌که مفهوم حقوق­شهروندی از عوامل مؤثر درساخت دولت-ملت است و همچنین توجه به حقوق ملت از ارکان حکومت مبتنی ­بر دموکراسی است؛ این مفهوم بر توسعه سیاسی و توزیع برابر منابع اثر مستقیم دارد.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: نوشتار حاضر بر مبنای نظریه برایان ترنر برای فهم شهروندی و حقوق شهروندی در عصر پهلوی دوم کوشیده است تا با بهره‌گیری از اسناد و منابع کتابخانه­ای و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی با بررسی موانع تحقق امر حقوق‌­شهروندی در این دوره درصدد پاسخ به این سؤال است، که چگونه نادیده گرفتن حقوق شهروندی به شکل­‌گیری انقلاب اسلامی منتج شد؟
یافته­‌ها: یافته‌­های تحقیق نشان می­دهد که علی­رغم تلاش برای نوسازی و دگرگونی در ساختار اجتماعی ایران، تحولات چشمگیری در حوزه تحقق شهروندی در دوره پهلوی دوم در ابعاد مورد بررسی نظریه ترنر صورت نگرفته است.
نتیجه‌­گیری: دستاورد پژوهش بدین قرار است که به دلیل عدم توجه به حقوق سیاسی-اقتصادی، نابرابری در تخصیص منابع، شخصی شدن قدرت و در نهایت ناکارآمد بودن اعلامیه حقوق بشر کارتر و اجرای ناقص آن در ایران از موانع تحقق حقوق شهروندی بوده است.

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