پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی

پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی

تعامل اتوپیا و نوستالژی در گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی ایران؛ انعکاسی از آرمان و خاطره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، گرایش مسائل ایران در دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)
چکیده
هدف: انقلاب اسلامی به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین تحولات سیاسی-اجتماعی قرن بیستم، بر بستری گفتمانی متشکل از تعامل دو نیروی «یوتوپیا» و «نوستالژی» شکل گرفت که ساختار معنایی انقلاب را سامان بخشید، توپیای موجود را به چالش کشید، انگیزه‌های قیام و پایه‌های مشروعیت ساختار سیاسی را فراهم ساخت. تبیین مفصل‌بندی آرمانشهر آینده‌نگر و حافظه جمعی گذشته‌نگر شناخت هدف این پژوهش است و برای این هدف در صدد پاسخ به این پرسش است تعامل دیالکتیکی یوتوپیا و نوستالژی چگونه گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی را شکل داد و موجب شکل‌گیری هویت انقلابی و بسیج توده‌های مردم شد؟
روش­ شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و بهره‌گیری از چارچوب نظری تحلیل گفتمان لاکلاو و موفه و با اتکا به منابع کتابخانه‌ای، اسناد تاریخی، سخنرانی‌ها و متون گفتمانی انقلاب انجام شده است.
یافته­ ها: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد یوتوپیا در قالب ترسیم جامعه‌ای مبتنی بر عدالت مهدوی، آزادی و وحدت امت اسلامی، نیروی محرکه تغییر اجتماعی را فراهم ساخت؛ در حالی‌که نوستالژی با بازسازی گزینشی حافظه تاریخی شیعه، به‌ویژه عدالت علوی و قیام عاشورا، منبع مشروعیت‌بخش انقلاب شد. مفصل‌بندی این دو دال هویت «ما»ی انقلابی را در برابر «دیگری» تثبیت کرد.
نتیجه­ گیری: گفتمان انقلاب اسلامی را می‌توان محصول نوعی «نوستالژی آینده‌نگر» دانست که در آن گذشته مقدس، نه برای بازگشت صرف، بلکه به‌منزله بنیانی الهام‌بخش برای ساخت آینده‌ای آرمانی بازتولید شد؛ بدین‌ترتیب نوستالژی نقش مشروعیت‌بخش و یوتوپیا نقش بسیج‌کننده و جهت‌دهنده به کنش انقلابی را ایفا کرد.
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