پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی

پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی

تحلیل تطبیقی راهبردهای روحانیت در انقلاب‌مشروطه و انقلاب‌اسلامی با تأکید بر قوت و ضعف حوزه‌های‌علمیه (با رویکرد سوات)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته حوزه علمیه، سطح 3، قم، ایران.
2 استادیار معارف اسلامی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.
چکیده
هدف: این پژوهش با رویکردی تطبیقی به بررسی راهبردهای روحانیت شیعه در دو رویداد مهم تاریخ معاصر ایران، یعنی انقلاب مشروطه ‌(۱۲۸۵ هـ.ش) و انقلاب اسلامی (۱۳۵۷ هـ.ش)، پرداخته و بر نقش و جایگاه حوزه‌های علمیه و تحلیل نقاط قوت و ضعف آن‌ها در هر مقطع تمرکز دارد. هدف اصلی، شناسایی تغییرات راهبردی روحانیت و تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر تفاوت نقش‌آفرینی آنان در این دو انقلاب است
روش ­شناسی پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر با بهره‌گیری از الگوی تحلیلی SWOT و رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق منابع تاریخی و مطالعات اسنادی گردآوری و سپس به تفکیک نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید روحانیت در هر مقطع تاریخی تحلیل شد.
یافته ­ها: نتایج نشان داد که در انقلاب مشروطه، روحانیت علی‌رغم اثرگذاری اولیه، به دلیل ضعف انسجام درونی و تحولات سیاسی پس از پیروزی به حاشیه رانده شد. در انقلاب اسلامی، به واسطه رهبری متمرکز، ایدئولوژی منسجم و استفاده از ابزارهای نوین ارتباطی، روحانیت موفق به هدایت جریان انقلاب و استقرار ساختار سیاسی مبتنی بر ولایت فقیه گردید.
نتیجه ­گیری: تفاوت در میزان نفوذ حوزه‌های علمیه، نوع رهبری دینی و شرایط اجتماعی- فکری هر دوره، عوامل کلیدی در تفاوت راهبردهای روحانیت بین دو انقلاب بوده‌اند. این تحلیل می‌تواند در فهم بهتر نقش روحانیت در تحولات سیاسی معاصر و تدوین راهبردهای آینده حوزه‌های علمیه مؤثر باشد.
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